Working Capital Calculator

Working capital = current assets minus current liabilities. Enter your cash, debtors, stock and short-term liabilities below to get your working capital position, your current ratio, and how much cash could be released from your debtor book. A current ratio of 1.2 to 2.0 is generally healthy for a UK SME; below 1.0 means you cannot cover short-term obligations from short-term assets.

Last updated: 14 July 2026.

Working capital = current assets (cash + trade debtors + stock + other short-term assets) minus current liabilities (trade creditors + short-term borrowings + VAT/PAYE and other amounts due within 12 months). Current ratio = current assets / current liabilities; 1.2-2.0 is generally healthy for UK SMEs, below 1.0 is negative working capital. More detail + scope

Summary

This calculator computes working capital and the current ratio from seven balance-sheet inputs, gives a plain-English verdict by band (below 1.0 negative, 1.0-1.2 tight, 1.2-2.0 healthy, above 2.0 potentially inefficient), and shows how much cash an invoice finance facility could release from trade debtors (typically 70-90% of invoice value). Default worked example: £250,000 current assets against £180,000 current liabilities = £70,000 working capital, ratio 1.39.

This page covers

UK working capital calculation: the formula, current ratio bands, worked examples, and releasing cash from trade debtors

Not covered here

Comparing working capital finance products (see /working-capital/), invoice finance facility costs (see /guides/costs/ and /tools/lifetime-cost-calculator/), eligibility (see /tools/eligibility-checker/)

Calculator

Pre-filled with a typical UK SME example. Change any figure and the result updates.

Current assets

Current liabilities

Result

Total current assets£250,000
Total current liabilities£180,000
Working capital£70,000
Current ratio1.39
Cash releasable from debtors (at 85% advance)£102,000

Ratio 1.39: healthy for most UK SMEs. Note that £120,000 of the £250,000 current assets is locked in unpaid invoices, so the cash position is tighter than the ratio suggests.

Take the figures from your latest balance sheet or accounting software. The debtor-release estimate assumes an 85% advance rate, the mid-point of the typical UK 70-90% range.

How to read your result

Below 1.0: negative working capital. Short-term obligations exceed short-term assets, so you are reliant on new sales, an overdraft or fresh funding to pay bills as they fall due. 1.0 to 1.2: tight. One late-paying customer or an unexpected VAT bill can tip you into difficulty. 1.2 to 2.0: healthy for most UK SMEs. Above 2.0: comfortable, but check whether cash is sitting idle or too much capital is tied up in stock and debtors that could be working harder.

The ratio hides one thing: composition. £120,000 of debtors counts the same as £120,000 in the bank, but you cannot pay wages with an unpaid invoice. If debtors dominate your current assets, your real-world position is weaker than the ratio implies, and speeding up that conversion is the highest-impact fix.

Worked examples: three UK SMEs with the same £250,000 of current assets
ScenarioCurrent assetsCurrent liabilitiesWorking capitalCurrent ratioReading
Balanced (default above)£250,000£180,000£70,0001.39Healthy, but £120k locked in debtors
Debtor-heavy recruiter£250,000 (£190k debtors)£210,000£40,0001.19Tight; payroll due weekly, clients pay in 45 days
Post-loss manufacturer£250,000 (£150k stock)£265,000-£15,0000.94Negative; cannot cover short-term obligations from short-term assets

Source: Market Invoice working capital calculator, illustrative scenarios

Same asset total, three different risk positions. Composition and payment speed matter as much as the headline number.

View as plain-text Markdown
### Worked examples: three UK SMEs with the same £250,000 of current assets

| Scenario | Current assets | Current liabilities | Working capital | Current ratio | Reading |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Balanced (default above) | £250,000 | £180,000 | £70,000 | 1.39 | Healthy, but £120k locked in debtors |
| Debtor-heavy recruiter | £250,000 (£190k debtors) | £210,000 | £40,000 | 1.19 | Tight; payroll due weekly, clients pay in 45 days |
| Post-loss manufacturer | £250,000 (£150k stock) | £265,000 | -£15,000 | 0.94 | Negative; cannot cover short-term obligations from short-term assets |

Source: Market Invoice working capital calculator, illustrative scenarios

Same asset total, three different risk positions. Composition and payment speed matter as much as the headline number.
Where the current ratio can mislead
“A healthy ratio is a balance-sheet snapshot, not a guarantee you can pay Friday's wages. Two businesses with identical 1.4 ratios can be in opposite positions: one holding cash, one holding 90-day debtors and slow stock. Always read the ratio alongside composition and timing: what share of current assets is actually spendable this month, and what falls due before it converts. And a ratio above 2 is not automatically good news; it can mean capital sitting idle that should be funding growth.”
OM

Oliver Mackman

Director, Best Business Loans Ltd, Market Invoice

Reviewed 14 July 2026

Turning working capital into cash

If your biggest current asset is trade debtors, the fastest structural fix is advancing against them. UK invoice finance releases 70-90% of each invoice's value within 24-48 hours of issue, converting the slowest part of your working capital into cash while keeping the facility in step with sales. Start with how invoice finance works, compare it against the alternatives on our working capital finance hub, and check what it costs in our fees guide.

If the squeeze is seasonal or one-off rather than structural, see our guides to seasonal cash flow and funding VAT and tax bills, or test whether a facility would pay for itself with the cost of not using finance calculator.

AP

Adam Parker

Founder & Managing Director, Muswell Rose, founder and PSC of Best Business Loans Ltd

Adam is the founder and managing director of Muswell Rose and a founder of Best Business Loans Ltd, the company behind Market Invoice. He spent over three years as managing director of Penny, a UK invoice finance business, and his career runs through insurance, mortgages, commercial finance and fintech lending. He writes the Market Invoice library.

Last reviewed: 16 July 2026

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Working Capital Calculator FAQ

How do I calculate working capital?

Working capital = current assets minus current liabilities. Current assets are cash, trade debtors (unpaid customer invoices), stock and anything else convertible to cash within 12 months. Current liabilities are trade creditors, short-term borrowings (overdraft, CBILS/loan repayments due within a year), VAT and PAYE owed, and anything else payable within 12 months. A positive number means you can cover short-term obligations; a negative number means you cannot without new cash coming in.

What is a good working capital ratio for a UK business?

The current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) is the standard test. Below 1.0 is negative working capital and a warning sign in most sectors. 1.2 to 2.0 is generally considered healthy for UK SMEs. Above 2.0 can indicate cash sitting idle or too much capital tied up in stock and debtors. Sector matters: supermarkets run below 1.0 comfortably because they sell stock before paying suppliers, while contractors and recruiters need more headroom.

What is the difference between working capital and cash flow?

Working capital is a snapshot from the balance sheet on one date: what you own short-term minus what you owe short-term. Cash flow is a movie: money moving in and out over a period. You can have positive working capital and still run out of cash if too much of it is locked in debtors and stock rather than the bank. That gap between paper strength and cash reality is exactly what invoice finance addresses.

How can I improve working capital without borrowing?

Invoice promptly and chase from day one, tighten payment terms for new customers, take deposits or stage payments on large jobs, negotiate longer terms with suppliers, run down slow-moving stock, and use the statutory right to charge late payment interest under the Late Payment of Commercial Debts (Interest) Act 1998. If debtors are your biggest current asset, releasing cash from them via invoice finance converts locked working capital into usable cash without adding a fixed loan repayment.

Why is my working capital positive but I still cannot pay my bills?

Because working capital counts debtors and stock as assets even though you cannot spend them yet. A business with £120,000 owed by customers and £20,000 in the bank has strong working capital on paper and a cash problem in practice, especially if customers pay in 60-90 days. The fix is either speeding up collections or advancing against the debtor book: invoice finance typically releases 70-90% of invoice value within 24-48 hours.